Power supply system of modern engines

4.12.3.a "Main composition" of sensors

The "main composition" of the sensors remained the same (relative to throttle body injection):

• throttle blade position sensor (opening angle);
• crankshaft position and rotation speed sensor;
• camshaft position sensor (also called phase sensor);
• oxygen excess sensor (another name - lambda probe);
• a pressure regulator is also installed for controlling the fuel injection pressure.

Note
The regulator “moved” from the injector body to the fuel rail of the feed system.

In addition, new sensors have appeared that collect data on engine operation:

• mass airflow sensor;
• coolant temperature sensor;
• knock sensor;
• voltage sensor in the on-board electric system;
• vehicle speed sensor;
• intake air temperature sensor;
• pressure sensor in the intake manifold.

Figure 4.53 Control system diagram of the engine control system with multipoint fuel injection.

1. Diagnostic connector; 
2. Instrument panel; 
3. Immobilizer sensor; 
4. Electronic control unit of immobilizer; 
5. Electric fan relay; 
6. Cooling installation electric fan; 
7. Electric control unit of the engine; 
8. Air filter body assembly; 
9. Mass airflow sensor; 
10. Throttle blade assembly; 
11. Throttle blade position sensor; 
12. Idle run regulator; 
13. Fuel injector; 
14. Spark plug; 
15. Ignition module; 
16. Coolant temperature sensor; 
17. Knock sensor; 
18. Battery (battery pack); 
19. Ignition lock; 
20. Main relay; 
21. Oxygen excess sensor (lambda probe); 
22. Speed sensor;
23. Crankshaft position sensor; 
24. Fuel filter; 
25. Fuel pump relay; 
26. Fuel pump assembly with fuel level sensor; 
27. Fuel tank; 
28. Purifier; 
29. Safety valve; 
30. Roll over valve; 
31. Return valve; 
32. Adsorber; 
33. Adsorber blow down valve.

The driver, when pressing the accelerator pedal, opens the throttle blade, and more air starts flowing into the intake system. The electronic control unit, which collects data from all sensors, issues a command to the fuel injectors. Thereby it determines the amount of fuel injected, and in modern engines - even the intensity and number of cycles per fuel injection. This results in improved fuel consumption, power and torque.

Note
The throttle blade can be actuated either by a cable directly from the accelerator pedal or electronically. In this case, a sensor of position of the accelerator pedal is installed on it. A stepper motor, which rotates by an angle corresponding to the movement of the "gas" pedal at a certain distance, is also installed on the throttle blade.